Unikraft Releases

v0.11.0 Janus

We are proud to announce the latest version of Unikraft, v0.11.0 (Janus)! The most important asset of this release is the long awaited musl support. Besides this, we introduce many new improvements, including critical bug fixes, improved stability and new features. To summarise:

🚀 New Features

Update the scheduling API and thread support. This feature consists of multiple contributions by Simon Kuenzer

Re-factor context, extended context, and TLS/TCB handling in arch/libcontext (#535)

New scheduling API in lib/uksched (#564)

Change occurences of uk_thread_tcb_fini to uk_thread_uktcb_fini in uksched (#660) by Eduard Vintilă

Clone system call support. This feature consists of multiple contributions by Simon Kuenzer

Support for clone implementation in lib/syscall_shim (#565)

Implement clone system call in lib/posix-process (#566)

Provide support for Musl as standard C library for Unikraft:

Solve redefining conflicts in uktime (#454) by Dragoș Argint

Add UK_LIBC_SYSCALLS guard around send() and recv() in posix-socket (#637) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Replace access and stat with Unikraft syscalls in vfscore (#636) by Maria Sfîrăială

Add syscalls in legacy_syscalls.h in syscall_shim (#634) by Maria Sfîrăială

Change pipe() call to uk_syscall_r_pipe() in vfscore (#633) by Eduard Vintilă

Add threading support in musl (#9) by Dragoș Argint

Add script for generating Makefile.uk.musl.* entries (#8) by Robert Kuban

Update aarch64 makefiles (#7) by Robert Kuban

Add patches for aarch64 (#6) by Robert Kuban

Re-enable wrappers (#5) by Dragoș Argint

Update Makefile for LWIP integration (#19) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Add syscall wrapper for getrandom (#25) by Michalis Pappas

Include tgmath.h header (#24) by Florin Postolache

Add wait.c build dependency (#23) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Add sysexits.h include dependency (#22) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Add sources for POSIX_USER functions (#20) by Ștefan Jumărea

Always include the uname sources (#18) by Ștefan Jumărea

In lib-lwip, include fcntl.h and sys/ioctl.h in sockets.c (#27) by Răzvan Deaconescu

In lib-lwip, remove ip6addr-related files (#25) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Add Musl support for LWIP (#23) by Răzvan Deaconescu

In lib-lwip, add uk/essentials.h as include dependency (#22) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Adopt to refactored scheduling API in LWIP (lib/uksched) (#19) by Simon Kuenzer

In lib-libcxx, add patch with signature for vasprintf (#23) by Maria Sfîrăială

Add libcxx math.h header (#22) by Ștefan Jumărea

Include the first stddef header file in libcxx (#18) by Ștefan Jumărea

In lib-libcxx, remove multiple definitions when using musl (#17) by Ștefan Jumărea

In lib-libcxx, define strtoll_l and strtoull_l in locale (#14) by Ștefan Jumărea

Add support headers for Musl in LIBCXX (#10) by Ștefan Jumărea

In lib-libcxx, add location of features.h file from Musl (#9) by Ștefan Jumărea

Add support (in kraft.yaml) for app-helloworld-cpp (#8) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Add support (in kraft.yaml) for app-nginx (#7 and #8) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Add support (in kraft.yaml) for app-redis (#11) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Add support (in kraft.yaml) for app-sqlite (#5) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Add support (in kraft.yaml) for app-python3 (#8) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Add support (in kraft.yaml) for app-micropython (#3) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Implement SGIs in GIC-v3 (#471) by Răzvan Vîrtan

Add Armv8 MTE (Memory Tagging Extensions) (#458) by Michalis Pappas

Introduce ukarch_random and add implementation for arm64 (FEAT_RNG) (#434) by Michalis Pappas

New getdents64 system call (#672) by Răzvan Deaconescu

🐛 Bug Fixes & Improvements

Use -Wno-cast-function-type for GCC >= 8 in syscall_shim (#677) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Fix getdents count unit in vfscore (#670) by Tu Dinh Ngoc

Fix stdio.c build warning in vfscore (#667) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Change the printing function from printf to _uk_printk in uktest (#662) by Florin Postolache

Fix implicit declaration of __lxstat in vfscore (#661) by Eduard Vintilă

Fix typecast warnings in posix-process (#657) by Răzvan Deaconescu

Change argument type for posix_socket_close in posix-socket (#647) by Florin Postolache

Fix 9pfs scatter/gather I/O in 9pfs (#639) by Eduard Vintilă

Fix uninitialized variable in vfscore (#551) by Maria Moșneag

Define LVLC_CALLER in case CONFIG_LIBUKDEBUG_ANSI_COLOR is not set in ukdebug (#559) by Hamza Chandad

Fix warning undeclared function halt() in arm/lcpu.c (#540) by Julian Hartmer

Fix warning in year_to_secs in uktime (#534) by Marc Rittinghaus

Fix buffer length argument when calling virtio_cread_bytes_many in virtio_pci (#519) by Eduard Vintilă

Use mutable strings in tests in ukargparse (#439) by Michalis Pappas

Insert .uk_testtab after data section for uktest (#606) by Aleksandr Iashchenko

Make LIBUKTEST_TEST_MYSELF option enable/disable self tests in uktest (#602) by Florin Postolache

Add asm flag for compilation with clang on x86 (#560) by Maria Sfîrăială

Add clone rule to the build system (#553) by Florin Postolache

Update checkpatch configuration and helper script (#651) by Simon Kuenzer

Add support for long application directory paths when building (#619) by Robert Kuban

Add RLIMIT_DATA resource for prlimit64 in posix-process (#531) by Alex Apostolescu

In lib-musl, use function declaration for getdents64 (#31) by Răzvan Deaconescu

In lib-musl, add patch to fix definition of environ variable (#30) by Răzvan Deaconescu

In lib-musl, avoid bug in uk_syscall_set_tid_address() (#29) by Dragoș Argint

In lib-musl, use -Wno-cast-function-type for GCC >= 8 (#28) by Răzvan Deaconescu

In lib-musl, remove include directory from clean list (#17) by Robert Kuban

In lib-musl, introduce depedency to enable parallel build (#15) by Robert Kuban

In lib-musl, enable FPSIMD support on ARM64 (#14) by Răzvan Vîrtan

In lib-musl, hide internal headers (#13) by Robert Kuban

In lib-musl, patch CVE-2020-28928 (#11) by Robert Kuban

In lib-musl, comment macros to stop using VDSO (#10) by Florin Postolache

In lib-lwip, use -Wno-cast-function-type for GCC >= 8 (#28) by Răzvan Deaconescu

A big thank you also to all those who helped in the review process: Adina Smeu, Alexander Jung, Cezar Crăciunoiu, Dragoș Argint, Eduard Vintilă, Marc Rittinghaus, Maria Sfiraiala, Răzvan Deaconescu, Răzvan Vîrtan, Renê de Souza Pinto, Robert Kuban, Sergiu Moga, Simon Kuenzer, Ștefan Jumărea, Vlad Bădoiu, Florin Postolache, Delia Pavel and Marco Schlumpp.

For more information, check out the accompanying blog post or view the full changelog.
Dec 1, 2022
v0.10.0 Phoebe

We are proud to announce the latest version of Unikraft, v0.10.0 (Phoebe)! In this release, we introduce many new improvements, including critical bug fixes, improved stability and new features. To summarize:

🚀 New Features

Introduction of posix-futex and futex syscall (#488) by Adina Smeu

Introduce new internal eventpoll API to vfscore (#484) by Marc Rittinghaus

Introduction of posix-event and epoll* syscalls (#485) by Marc Rittinghaus and Hugo Lefeuvre

Introduction of posix-socket abstraction library (#65) by Alexander Jung and Marc Rittinghaus

Paging support on arm64 based on VMSAv8-64 (#506) by Michalis Pappas

SMP implementation for x86_64 (#502) by Marc Rittinghaus

Add clock_getres syscall (#503) by Stefan Jumarea

New syscalls and cleanups to posix-user (#504) by Marc Rittinghaus

Add option to enforce W^X (f21273f via #506) by Marc Rittinghaus

New rt_sig* systems registered in uksignal (#314) by Răzvan Vîrtan

🐛 Bug Fixes & Improvements

Fix uktest to print custom formats (#515) by Florin Postolache

Ignore only unnumbered legacy syscalls in syscall_shim (#509) by Răzvan Vîrtan

Fix parsing error in fdt_get_address (ofw device trees) (#507) by Robert Kuban

Solve redefining conflicts in uksignal (#453) by Dragos Iulian Argint

Solve redefining conflicts in vfscore (#441) by Dragos Iulian Argint

Solve redefining conflicts in posix-process (#442) by Dragos Iulian Argint

Fix syscall definitions in posix-process (#526) by Dragos Iulian Argint

Force argument order for uk_vsyscall_r in syscall_shim (#512) by Marc Rittinghaus

Fix warnings about unused variables in plat/arm/lcpu (#479) by Marc Rittinghaus

Faster builds by considering obj-only libs for linking (#482) by Robert Kuban

Cleanup GIC-v2/GIC-v3 code (#478) by Marc Rittinghaus

Fix spinlock headers (#477) by Marc Rittinghaus

Update reference to liftoff (#487) by Simon Kuenzer

Include missing syscall.h in vfscore (#527) by Simon Kuenzer

Various fixes/improvements in preparation for new scheduling API (#524) by Simon Kuenzer

Add data barrier after PTE writes in arm64 (#525) by Aleksandr Iashchenko and Michalis Pappas

Reorder macros in the linuxu system call header files (#438) by Florin Postolache

Preserve x18 in exception vectors for arm64 on kvm (#523) by Michalis Pappas

Add call to _init_paging in setup.c for x86 on kvm (#483) by Cristian Vijelie

A big thank you also to all those who helped in the review process: Gabi Mocanu, Sergiu Moga, Cezar Craciunoiu, Dragos Iulian Argint, Răzvan Vîrtan, Gabriel Mocanu, Stefan Jumarea, Renê de Souza Pinto, Razvan Deaconescu, Simon Kuenzer and Marc Rittinghaus.

For more information, check out the accompanying blog post or view the full changelog.
Aug 20, 2022
v0.9.0 Hyperion

We are proud to announce the latest version of Unikraft, v0.9.0 (Hyperion)! In this release, we introduce many new improvements, including critical bug fixes, improved stability and new features. To summarise:

🚀 New Features

Architecture-independent parts of SMP API (#469) by Marc Rittinghaus

Introduce support for ARM64 SMP (#373) by Răzvan Vîrtan

Introduce the ukstore library for static entries (#459) by Cezar Craciunoiu

Register allocator statistics to ukstore (#279) by Cezar Craciunoiu

Add Branch Target Identification (BTI) for ARM (#421) by Michalis Pappas

Unify boot information storage (#406) by Cristian Vijelie

Allow building GRUB based ISO images (#342) by Aadhithya Kannan

Enable pl031 for ARM64 (#316) by Razvan Deaconescu

Ignore unnumbered system calls (#468) by Simon Kuenzer

🐛 Bug Fixes & Improvements

Remove __i386__ code (#435) by Sairaj Kodilkar

Fix interprocessor interrupts in gic-v2 (#445) by Răzvan Vîrtan

Remove #ifndef CONFIG_PARAVIRT code (#466) by Stefan Jumarea

Fix fget in flock() (#472) by Marc Rittinghaus

Cleanup and upgrade to FDT 45f3d1a (#378) by Michalis Pappas

Readdir should return error in errno in vfscore (#473) by Marco Schlumpp

Update COPYING.md with generalized copyright copyright attribution (#456) by Alexander Jung

Replace psci functions with generic SMCCC calls (#428) by Răzvan Vîrtan

Update CODEOWNERS with latest libs and remove reviewer teams (#475) by Alexander Jung

A big thank you also to all those who helped in the review process: Florin Postolache, Andrei Mutu, Cristian Vijelie, Michalis Pappas, Răzvan Vîrtan, Marco Schlumpp, Stefan Jumarea, Cezar Craciunoiu, Renê de Souza Pinto, Sergiu Moga, Marc Rittinghaus, Simon Kuenzer, Razvan Deaconescu

For more information, check out the accompanying blog post or view the full changelog.
Jun 13, 2022
v0.8.0 Enceladus

We are proud to announce the latest version of Unikraft, v0.8.0 (Enceladus)! In this release, we introduce many new improvements, including critical bug fixes, improved stability and new features. To summarise:

🚀 New Features

Introduce Pointer Authentication (PAuth) support (#369) by Michalis Pappas

Virtual Memory API (x86_64, kvm) (#338) by Marc Rittinghaus

Support for partial checksumming / checksum offloading (#308) by Simon Kuenzer

Add uk_event for new trap interface (#227 #230, #231) by Marc Rittinghaus

Additional interrupt context safe functions (#192) by Cristian Vijelie

TAP network device driver (#251) by Sharan Santhanam

Add basic test suite to ukargparse (#392 #431) by Stefan Jumarea

Add uk_list_last_entry_or_null (#396) by Marc Rittinghaus

Add mprotect (#394) by Marc Rittinghaus

Add support for arm64 on linuxu (#418) by Florin Postolache

🐛 Bug Fixes & Improvements

Rewrite of ubsan library (#404) by Marc Rittinghaus

Migrate and update docs (#252) by Alexander Jung

Allow mkcpio to quietly gzip compress CPIO images (#359) by Aadhithya Kannan

Enhance arm(64)/x86_64 Bitscan Functions (#395) by Marc Rittinghaus

Add getgrgid to export (#410) by Marc Rittinghaus

Do not invoke rustc if ukrust is not enabled (#403) by Michalis Pappas

Fixes layout of assert table on ARM64 (#397) by Marc Rittinghaus

Add dependency to lib/ukalloc for linuxu (#430) by Simon Kuenzer

Fix quoted whitespaces handling (#433) by Stefan Jumarea

Fix build warning for _uk_printd definition (#432) by Gabi Mocanu

Fix build warning for halt definition (#429) by Gabi Mocanu

Fix build errors introduced by #251 (#412) by Vlad-Andrei Badoiu

Fix conditional definition of functions (#399) by George Hopkins

Fix some bugs (#394) by Marc Rittinghaus

Fix and introduce more range macros (#370) by Simon Kuenzer

Fixing various bugs (#411) by Marc Rittinghaus

Complete syscall lists on arm and aarch64 (#423) by Răzvan Vîrtan

Replace EDOOFUS macro (#416) by Florin Postolache

Remove uk_free call on request dequeue (#413) by Marco Schlumpp

Move alloc out of critical section in sys_open (#408) by Marc Rittinghaus

Use types from shareddefs.h (#407) by Marc Rittinghaus

Use non-prototyped no-ops (#405) by Marc Rittinghaus

Do not pass -march with -mcpu (#368) by Michalis Pappas

Do not allocate IRQ handler entries dynamically (#240) by Hugo Lefeuvre

A big thank you also to all those who helped in the review process: Cristian Vijelie, Michalis Pappas, Marco Schlumpp, Simon Kuenzer, Adina Smeu, Florin Postolache, Gabi Mocanu, Sergiu Moga, Razvan Deaconescu, Stefan Jumarea, Răzvan Vîrtan, Cezar Craciunoiu, Daniel Dinca and Vlad-Andrei Badoiu.

For more information, check out the accompanying blog post or view the full changelog.
Mar 29, 2022
v0.7.0 Mimas

We are proud to announce the latest version of Unikraft. In this release, we introduce many new improvements, including critical bug fixes, improved stability and new features. To summarise:

Rust support for internal Unikraft libraries (@vladandrew, @cffs, @TrueDoctor)

New documentation + website (@nderjung)

VSCode IDE extension (@adinasm)

NS16550 driver (@michpappas)

ARM GIC V3 support (@rene)

ARM SMCCC (@michpappas)

ARM Ticket lockets (@michpappas)

README updates for configuring, building and running Unikraft applications (@gabrielmocan, @mogasergiu, @FredrikBakken, @StefanJum)

Version boosts (@FredrikBakken, @razvanvirtan)

Optional locking to waitq wait event to prevent signal loss (@marcrittinghaus)

Also thank you to @razvanvirtan, @skuenzer, @mogasergiu, @razvand, @hlef, @danield20 and @farif for additional bug fixes and improvements!

For more information, check out the accompanying blog post.
Feb 5, 2022
v0.6.0 Dione

To celebrate Unikraft’s 4-year “git commit birthday”, we are proud to announce the latest release: v0.6 - Dione.

Unikraft is a comprehensive toolchain and library operating system which builds highly specialized unikernels, software bundles that consist of a target application along with just the operating system primitives and libraries features it needs to run.

It’s been close to a year since our last release, and a lot of things have been happening in the Unikraft community, moving Unikraft further as a mature product for industry, research and academic use cases.

This release has over 432 new commits from more than 112 merged PRs, comprising 31,829 new lines of code (4,537 deletions), across 85 repositories (3 new external libraries), 4 new internal libraries, and with 12 new complete syscall implementations from 24 contributors!

During the past year, we’ve moved towards a fully open source project, with an open source governance system, public CI/CD integration and GitHub-supported development and planning (you can already see the plans for the next release!). The community has expanded and we’re now actively using GitHub and Discord to create, review and integrate contributions and to host meetings and talks. The community consists of active members from:

NEC Laboratories Europe GmbH;

University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest;

Lancaster University,

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology;

University of Manchester;

University of Liege;

OpenSynergy;

ARM China.

In order to further promote the Unikraft project to students, hobbyists, researchers, developers and professionals, we also organized the Unikraft Summer of Code USoC'21 in August/September, a 10 day hands-on workshop which provided attendees with extensive information and skills on unikernels and Unikraft. This was a consistent effort of the Unikraft community, resulting in extensive documentation and support for newcomers. A bunch of the USoC'21 attendees are now part of the extended Unikraft community and have found their work already upstream in this release!

During the same period, we published a paper on Unikraft: Fast, Specialized Unikernels the Easy Way at EuroSys'21 (and won best paper award!). Many of improvements and additional work resulting from this paper has made its way upstream into this release. The paper is open-access, so do check it out if you wish dive into more details on Unikraft internals and the reasonings for its design.

Apart from bug fixes, improvements and version updates, Unikraft Release v0.6 Dione adds core features to support its development and deployment, including:

uktest, the new unit testing framework for Unikraft. Testing of both internal and external libraries will be facilitated by uktest, allowing you to turn on tests across all or select libraries; helping you ensure the integrity of your unikernel image before hitting main().

isrlib, a library for providing “interrupt-service-routine”- safe variants of standard functions so that they can be used in interrupt handlers and early boot code. This library provides an initial set of standard functions normally found with <string.h>. The implementation is derived from nolibc and compiled with the |isr variant which disables the use of extended CPU features, like vector units (e.g., SSE, AVX) and floating point units.

ubsan can catch runtime bugs such as dereferencing NULL or non-canonical addresses, certain undefined overflow errors, shifting or multiplying data which is out of bounds, and other errors.

ukcpio provides you the ability to read CPIO files into memory, allowing for high-performance virtual in-memory filesystem for your application. You can pass a CPIO file as the initramfs to your unikernel image.

SMP support is still on-going but with this release we introduced common SMP API for all architectures and platforms, preparing for multi-core support. The SMP API that will be backed by the actual implementation on the corresponding architecture (x86_64 and ARM).

System call support has been extended reaching to more than 150 supported system calls via the syscall_shim layer (40 merged PRs in this category alone!)

A new open-source governance system, deepening our GitHub integration which now automatically allocates reviewers and assignees to PRs. This is complemented by the CI/CD system that publicly shows results of build / run pipelines and automatically integrates approved PRs.

libsodium, an easy-to-use software library for encryption, is now part of the Unikraft ecosystem.

dafny, a library for the Dafny programming language, used for verification.

shfs, a simple (and fast!) hash filesystem implementation, used for fast cache-based storage.

Find out more about the release and Unikraft by joining us on GitHub and on Discord.
Dec 2, 2021
v0.5.0 Tethys

We are proud to announce the latest version of Unikraft. In this release, we introduce many new improvements, including critical bug fixes, improved stability and new features. To summarise:

Support for multiple, concurrent memory allocators

Support for non-executable pages on x86;

Support for IEEE 802.1q and IEEE 802.1ad tagged frames;

Access to the TSC-clock for accurate boot and system time;

Memory stack-protection;

Recursive PCI-bus enumeration;

Better error reporting;

Support for arm64 fp;

Automatic libc-style system call stubs;

Improved console I/O;

virtio block driver;

signals support

ANSI-colored output; …and much more!

We have also been hard at work increasing the number of available applications and libraries supported by Unikraft, including:

tflite - ML for Mobile and Edge Devices

dnnl - Deep Neural Network Library

nnpack - an acceleration package for neural network computations

tlsf - Memory allocator real time embedded systems

allocregion - A simple region-based memory allocator

tinyalloc - A tiny allocator designed for tiny embedded systems

mimalloc - A general purpose allocator with excellent performance characteristics

nettle - A low-level cryptographic library

gemmlowp - Low-precision matrix multiplication

liblzma - A compression library with an API similar to that of zlib

protobuf - Google’s language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible mechanism for serializing structured data.

zydis - Fast and lightweight x86/x86-64 disassembler library

farmhash - FarmHash provides hash functions for strings and other data

flatbuffers - FlatBuffers is an efficient cross platform serialization library
Feb 6, 2021
v0.4.0 Rhea

Cloud-based deployments (GCP, AWS, Digital Ocean)

Native support for many programming languages and language environments: C++, Python/Micropython, Go, Lua, Web Assembly (WAMR), JavaScript (Duktape), Ruby

Improvements to the ARM64 platform, including virtio and multi-thread support

Basic musl support

pthread and TLS support

Trace point sub-system

Filesystem support (9pfs, devfs, ramfs)

Applications: Click, SQLite, nginx, redis

Support for external platforms, and in particular solo5

Additional lib ports: uuid, http-parser, intel-intrinsics, openssl, boost, protobuf, etc.

Lots of other features and bug fixes
Feb 18, 2020
v0.3.1 Iapetus

This release is a bugfix that adds support for newlib back to Unikraft. Due to changes in unikraft’s vfscore library, newlib did not properly compile against v0.3. This release fixes this problem.

All xenbits-hosted unikraft repositories (unikraft, newlib, lwip, as well as the example applications helloworld and httpreply) at RELEASE-0.3.1 tag are compatible with each other and can be built and linked together again.

Mar 7, 2019
v0.3.0 Iapetus

This release includes many exciting features; the biggest ones are:

Xenstore and Xen bus support

ARM32 support for Xen

ARM64 support for QEMU/KVM

X86_64 bare metal support

Networking support, with virtio drivers

A lightweight network stack (lwip)

Initial VFS support along with an in-RAM filesystem
Feb 20, 2019

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